1) It is a Document of Title (bukti kepemilikan barang)
2) It is an evidence of a contract of affreightment (kontrak pengangkutan)
3) It is an evidence of cargo being carried onboard a ship, which is under the terms & conditions of carriage (bukti bahwa kargo telah dimuat diatas kapal)4) Usually govern by Hague or Hague Visby Rules (International Conventions of Carriage of Goods by Sea)
Contents of bill of lading
a) the general nature of the goods, the leading marks necessary for identification of the goods, an express statement, if applicable, as to the dangerous character of the goods, the number of packages or pieces, and the weight of the goods or their quantity otherwise expressed, all such particulars as furnished by the shipper;
b) the apparent condition of the goods;
c) the name and principal place of business of the carrier;
d) the name of the shipper;
e) the consignee if named by the shipper;
f) the port of loading under the contract of carriage by sea and the date on which the goods were taken over by the carrier at the port of loading;
g) the port of discharge under the contract of carriage by sea;
h) the number of originals of the bill of lading, if more than one;
i) the place of issuance of the bill of lading;
j) the signature of the carrier or a person acting on his behalf;
k) the freight to the extent payable by the consignee or other indication that freight is payable by him;
l) “Paramount Clause” – the statement referred to in paragraph 3 of article 23
m) the statement, if applicable, that the goods shall or may be carried on deck;
n) the date or the period of delivery of the goods at the port of discharge if expressly agreed upon between the parties; and
o) any increased limit or limits of liability where agreed – in accordance with paragraph 4 of article 6 (ad-Valorem)
Article 15 of “Hamburg Rules 1978”
Fungsi B/L sebagai “document of title” dalam bahasa Indonesia sering disalahartikan bahwa B/L bisa menjadi bukti kepemilikan barang –> ini keliru !
Dalam perdagangan internasional, berpindahnya kepemilikan bukan dibuktikan oleh B/L tapi oleh intensi kedua belah pihak (Seller & Buyer) yang dituangkan di dalam kontrak jual beli.
Dalam arti sempit, pengertian “document of title” menjadi “bukti kepemilikan” bisa benar tetapi ada syarat yang harus dipenuhi.
Salam,
NR